Congress tightens export controls on tech flowing to Chinese military
H.R. 6331 — ADVERSARIES Act · Filed by Max Miller (R-OH) · 3 cosponsors · Introduced Dec 1, 2025 · Reported out
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What it does
This bill amends the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 to expand the definition of 'foreign person' under U.S. export controls to explicitly include Chinese military companies, entities on Commerce Department watchlists, and their subsidiaries/affiliates. The effect is to tighten restrictions on who can receive sensitive U.S. technology and research, blocking exports to a broader class of entities deemed security risks.
Why we flagged it
The bill's operative mechanism is a definitional amendment that expands the scope of entities subject to U.S. export controls. It does not create new restrictions on citizens or grant new powers to officials; it clarifies and broadens which foreign entities fall within existing export-control regimes.
What the text implies
- The bill's effect depends entirely on what entities are actually listed in Supplement No. 4 and No. 7 to 15 CFR Part 744 and which entities the Commerce Department identifies as Chinese military companies under the 2021 NDAA. Those lists are external to this bill and may change over time, making the scope of the restriction dynamic.
- Subsidiaries and affiliates owned 50% or more by listed entities are captured 'wherever located,' potentially affecting U.S. companies with minority stakes in foreign entities or foreign companies with U.S. operations if they are majority-owned by a restricted entity.
The full analysis lists 3 implications of this text.
Who stands to gain
U.S. technology and defense contractors (reduced competition from technology leakage); U.S. semiconductor and advanced manufacturing sectors (protected from export to restricted entities)